ISAAC NEWTON PART I

Source: INGVIP

You can keep in touch through Ingvip, I recommend specially for Brazilian English learners Isaac Newton Biography     www.ingvip.com

 

1.This is Shirley Griffith. And this is Steve Ember with the VOA Special English program EXPLORATIONS. Today we tell about(1) one of the world's greatest scientists, Isaac Newton.

Much of today's science of physics is based on Newton's discovery of the three laws of motion(3) and his theory of gravity. Newton also developed(4) one of the most powerful(5) tools(6) of mathematics. It is the method we call calculus.

2. Late in his life, Newton said of his work: "If I saw(7)further than(8) other men, it was because I stood(9) on the shoulders(10) of giants. "  One of those giants was the great Italian scientist, Galileo. Galileo died(11) the same year Newton was born(12). Another of the giants was the Polish(13) scientist Nicholas Copernicus. He lived a hundred years before Newton.

3. Copernicus had begun(14) a scientific revolution. It led to(15) a completely new understanding(16) of how the universe worked. Galileo continued and expanded the work of Copernicus. Isaac Newton built(17) on the ideas of these two scientists and others. He found(18) and proved the answers for which(19) they searched(20). Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England, on December twenty-fifth, sixteen forty-two.

4. He was born early(21). He was a small baby and very weak(22). No one expected him to survive(23). But he surprised everyone. He had one of the most powerfulminds(24) in history. And he lived until(25) he was eighty-four.

Newton's father died before he was born. His mother married again(26) a few years later. She left(27) Isaac with his grandmother.

5. The boy was not a good student. Yet(28) he liked to make things, such as (29) kites(30) and clocks and simple machines.

 Newton also enjoyed(31) finding new ways(32) to answer questions(33) or solve(34) problems. As a boy, for example, he decided to find a way to measure(35) thespeed of the wind(36).

6. On a windy(37) day, he measured how far(38) he could jump(39) with the wind at his back(40). Then he measured how far he could jump with the wind in his face. From the difference between the two jumps, he made his own(41) measure of the strength(42) of the wind.

7. Strangely(43), Newton became(44) a much better student after a boy kicked(45) him in the stomach.

The boy was one of the best students in the school. Newton decided to get even(46) by getting higher marks(47) than the boy who kicked him. In a short time, Newton became the top student at the school.

 Newton left school to help on the family farm.

8.It soon became clear(48), however, that the boy was not a good farmer. He spent(49) his time solving(50) mathematical problems, instead of taking care of(51) thecrops(52). He spent hours visiting a bookstore(53) in town, instead of selling his vegetables in the market. An uncle decided that Newton would do better as a student than as a farmer. So he helped the young man enter Cambridge University to study mathematics.

9. Newton completed his university studies five years later, in sixteen sixty-five. He was twenty-two years old.

At that time, a deadly plague(54) was spreading across(55) England. To escape the disease(56), Newton returned to the family farm. He did more thinking than farming. In doing so(57), he found the answers to some of the greatest mysteries of science.

10. Newton used his great skill(58) in mathematics to form a better understanding(59) of the world and the universe. He used methods he had learned as a boy in making things. He experimented. Then he studied the results and used what he had learned to design new experiments.

11. Newton's work led(60) him to create a new method in mathematics for measuring areas curved in shape(61). He also used it to find how much material was contained in solid objects. The method he created became known as(62) integral calculus.

12. One day, sitting in the garden, Newton watched(63) an apple fall from a tree. He began to wonder(64) if the same force that pulled(65) the apple down also kept(66)the moon circling the Earth. Newton believed it was. And he believed it could be measured.

13. He called the force "gravity." He began to examine it carefully(67). He decided that the strength(68) of the force keeping a planet in orbit around the sun depended on two things. One was the amount of mass(69) in the planet and the sun. The other was how far apart(70) they were.

                                                   Vocabulary

Vocabulary:

1. tell about = falar sobre

2. physics = física

3. laws of motion = leis do movimento

4. developed = desenvolveu

5. powerful = poderoso

6. tools = ferramentas

7. saw  = viu

8. further than = mais longe do que

9. stood = fiquei

10. shoulders = ombros

11. died = morreu

12. was born = nasceu

13. Polish  = Polonês

14. had begun = tinha começado

15. led to = conduziu a

16. understanding = compreensão

17. built = construiu

18. found = encontrou

19. for which = pelas quais

20. searched = procuraram

21. early = prematuro

22. weak = fraco

23. survive = sobreviver

24. minds = mentes

25. until = até

26. again = novamente

27. left = deixou

28. Yet = porém

29. such as = tais como

30. kites = papagaios

31. enjoyed = adorava

32. ways = formas, maneiras

33. answer questions = responder perguntas

34. solve = solucionar

35. measure = medir

36. speed of the wind = velocidade do vento

37. windy = com vento

38. how far = o quão longe

39. could jump = conseguia saltar

40. at his back = às suas costas

41. own = próprio(a)

42. strength = força

43. Strangely = estranhamente

44. became = tornou-se

45. kicked = chutou

46. get even = ficar quites

47. getting higher marks = conseguindo notas mais altas

48. It soon became clear = logo ficou claro

49. spent = passava

50. solving = solucionando

51. instead of taking care of = Ao inves de cuidar de

52. crops = plantações

53. Bookstore = livraria

54. deadly plague = praga mortal

55. spreading across = espalhando-se por

56. disease = doença

57. In doing so = ao fazer isso

58. skill = habilidade

59. understanding = compreensão

60. led = conduziu, levou

61. shape = forma

62. became known as = tornou-se conhecido como
63. Watched = observou

64. wonder = perguntar-se
65. Pulled = puxou

66. kept = mantinha

67. carefully = cuidadosamente

68. strength = força

69. amount of mass = quantidade de massa
70. how far apart = O quão distantes

Milton Hershey, 1857-1945: He Built a Successful Business and a Sweet Town

(MUSIC)

I'm Barbara Klein. And I'm Steve Ember with the VOA Special English programPEOPLE IN AMERICA.  Today we tell about Milton Hershey.  He built one of the sweetest towns in the United States.

(MUSIC)

Milton Snavely Hershey was born in eighteen fifty-seven in central Pennsylvania.  His mother was a member of the Mennonite Church.  The religious group valued self-denial and community service.  His father worked at many different jobs.

The Hershey family moved several times during Milton's childhood.  His parents did not have a happy marriage.  They lived separately for much of their lives.  Mrs. Hershey finally rejected her husband after a daughter died in eighteen sixty-seven.

Milton Hershey stopped attending school when he was twelve years old.  He first went to work as an assistant for a man who published a German language newspaper.  Milton did not like the job.  He was dismissed after dropping his hat into a machine.

Milton then got a job with a candy and ice cream maker in the town of Lancaster.  There, he learned how to mix sugar and water to make candy products.  At the time, American candy makers used chocolate mainly to cover candies.  Reports say it was bitter tasting and not at all like the taste of chocolate today.

Milton moved to the city of Philadelphia when he was eighteen years old.  He had already learned all he could about candy production.  His mother and her family offered to help him set up a candy store.  But the business failed after six years.

Milton decided to join his father in the western state of Colorado.  The younger Hershey found a job with a candy maker in Denver.  There, he worked with a kind of sticky candy: caramel.  He also learned the importance of using fresh milk in making good caramel.

Milton later attempted candy businesses in Chicago and New York City.  But like before, each business failed.

Milton returned to Lancaster.  Most family members considered him a failure.  But he continued to receive help from his mother's sister and a man who had worked at the Philadelphia store.  Milton began making caramels his own way – with fresh milk.  His caramels were softer than others being sold and less sticky.

One day, an English importer tasted Hershey's caramels and placed a large order.  Soon the Lancaster Candy Company was a success.  Hershey became one of Pennsylvania's top businessmen.  He was selling his candies all across the United States and Europe.

Things began changing for Hershey after he visited the Chicago World's Fair in eighteen ninety-three.  At the World's Fair, he saw chocolate making machines from Germany.  He decided that chocolate was the future of the candy business, and bought the machines.  He had them moved to Pennsylvania, and sold the Lancaster Candy Company.  He was developing an unusual plan -- to build a large chocolate factory and a town to support it.

(MUSIC)

Michael D'Antonio wrote a book about Milton Hershey.  It says Hershey got the idea for his town from the Cadbury family in Britain.  The Cadburys made chocolates.  They also built a factory surrounded by a town.

The book says Hershey decided to do the same.  He paid for many buildings in his town.  He wanted to create a place where his factory's workers could own their own houses.  In this way, he prevented Hershey, Pennsylvania from becoming a factory town in which the workers were forced to pay their employers for a place to live.

Hershey's town was modern.  It had nice houses, large public buildings, and an electric railway system for easy transportation.  Nearby farms provided the chocolate factory with fresh milk for its products.

Milton Hershey and his company found a way to make large amounts of milk chocolate.  The secret was using fat free milk with the seeds of cacao trees and heating them slowly.  The Hershey Candy Company was on its way to success.

Most of the company's workers loved Milton Hershey.  He made it possible for them to earn good wages and live well.  The book "Hershey" says he sometimes shared the company's financial success with them.

Yet Milton Hershey was not always fair.  Writer Michael D'Antonio says not everyone was happy living in a place where one man and his company attempted to control so much.

(MUSIC)

Milton Hershey did not marry until he was over forty years old.  He surprised his family when he married Catherine Sweeney in eighteen ninety-eight.  Some members of his family did not approve of her.  She was a Roman Catholic from New York State.  Milton called her, Kitty.  The Hersheys first lived in Lancaster.  They later moved to a large house near the factory.  The land around the house was known for its many flowers and plants.

Catherine Hershey was sick for much of her married life.  She died in nineteen fifteen at the age of forty-two.

The Hersheys were unable to have children, so they decided to help needy children by creating a school for them.  Milton Hershey said the school had been his wife's idea.  She reportedly wanted to provide a safe place for those in need of a good home and a better chance in life.

In nineteen-oh-nine, the Hersheys created the Hershey Industrial School for boys who had lost one or both parents.  They established a special legal agreement, or trust, to provide money for the school.  They gave nearly two hundred hectares of farmland to the trust.

At first, ten white boys attended the school.  But more and more boys attended as time went on.  The school provided the boys with a good education and farming skills.

After his wife died, Hershey gave Hershey Chocolate Company stock shares with a value of sixty million dollars to the trust.  This money made it possible for the school to expand.

After Hershey died, the name of the school was changed to the Milton Hershey School.  Later, the school opened its doors to boys and girls of all races and religions.

Today, the Milton Hershey School has more than one hundred student homes.  Each has the latest technological equipment, including computers.  A man and his wife live in each house.  They serve as parents to eight to ten students.

In two thousand-six, the Milton Hershey School educated about one thousand three hundred students.  And, the gift first made by Milton Hershey has grown to more than five thousand million dollars.

Many Americans experienced economic hardship during the Great Depression of the nineteen thirties.  But Milton Hershey put many people to work in the town by building a large hotel and a sports center.

He also created a not-for-profit organization to provide education and culture to the local townspeople.  This organization continues to support the Hershey Theater and other cultural centers in the area.

In the early nineteen sixties, the Milton Hershey School Trust gave money and land to the Pennsylvania State University for a medical center.  The Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center opened in nineteen sixty-seven.  Today, it has five thousand employees.

(MUSIC)

Milton Hershey died in nineteen forty-five.  He left behind the company, the town, the school and the trust that supports it.  At the time of his death, the company he built is said to have produced about ninety percent of all the milk chocolate made in the United States.

In two thousand two, officials of the Milton Hershey School Trust announced plans to sell the company.  They said they wanted to help protect the finances of the school.

Townspeople and others in Pennsylvania demonstrated against the sale.  They said it would destroy the town Hershey had worked so hard to create.  Former students at the Milton Hershey School also worked against the sale.  In the end, the sale was not completed.

Today, Hershey, Pennsylvania is unlike any other town in the United States.  The streetlights are shaped like the candy called Hershey's Kisses.  The air there often smells like chocolate.  Millions of people come every year to stop at a visitor's center near the factory, stay at the Hershey Hotel, and enjoy the Hershey Amusement Park.

Milton Hershey was not a perfect man.  But he may always seem that way to thousands of people in Pennsylvania.  They say they live in the sweetest town in the country.

This Special English program was written by Nancy Steinbach.  Lawan Davis was our producer.  I'm Steve Ember. And I'm Barbara Klein inviting you to join us next week at this time for another PEOPLE IN AMERICA program on the Voice of America. 

We shall dance? Beautiful lyric song

Source: Wikipedia

Artemios (Demis) Ventouris Roussos (born June 15, 1946) is a Greek singer.

He was born in Egypt to ethnic Greek parents George and Olga, and raised in Alexandria. His parents lost everything and moved to Greece after the Suez Crisis.

After settling in Greece, Demis participated in a series of musical groups beginning with The Idols when he was 17. After this he joined We Five (not the San Francisco, California folk-rock group), another covers band which had limited success in Greece.

He came to a wider audience in 1968 when he joined progressive rock band Aphrodite's Child, initially as singer but later also playing bass guitar. His distinctive operatic vocal style helped propel the band to international success, notably on their final album 666, which became something of a cult classic.....

Roussos also began a solo career with the song "We Shall Dance". Initially unsuccessful, he toured southern Europe and soon became a leading vocalist. His solo career peaked in the 1970s with several hit albums. His single, "Forever and Ever", topped the charts in several countries in 1973 (1976 in U.K.). Other hits were "My Friend the Wind", "My Reason", "Velvet Mornings", "Goodbye, My Love, Goodbye", "Someday" and "Lovely Lady of Arcadia". He was mentioned famously at Abigail's Party and made his first appearance on English-speaking TV on the Basil Brush Show. In 1980, Roussos had a hit with a cover of Air Supply's "Lost in Love", sung as a duet with Florence Warner and featuring a tenor sax solo by Dick Morrissey.....

His influence in Indian film music industry was also seen. Some of his songs were copied straightaway by the Indian music directors. To mention some , "Lovely Lady of Arcadia" was used in songs "Tumhe chede hawa chanchal (Salami)" and "Yun hi kat jayega safar saath chalne say (Hum Hai Rahi Pyaar Kay)". "You are my only fascination" song was rehashed and made as "Tumse thoda sa main dooor hooon (Pyar Ka Saaya)". The song "Mehbooba Mehbooba" (Sholay) is also said to be based on his song "Say You Love Me".....

Henry Ford part II

Source: www.manythings.org originally posted by http://www.voanews.com

Henry Ford Made the Automobile Industry an Important Part of the Nation's Economy

PEOPLE IN AMERICA -- a program in Special English on the Voice of America.  Every week at this time, we tell the story of a person important in the history of the United States. Today, Steve Ember and Frank Oliver complete the story of industrialist Henry Ford.

(MUSIC)

In nineteen-oh-three, a doctor in Detroit, Michigan, bought the first car from the Ford Motor Company. That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford's dream. He wanted to build good, low-priced cars for the general public. As he said many times: "I want to make a car that anybody can buy."  To keep prices low, Henry Ford decided that he would build just one kind of car. He called it the "Model T. "

The "Model T" was ready for sale in October, nineteen-oh-eight.  The "Model T" cost eight hundred fifty dollars. It was a simple machine that drivers could depend on. Doctors bought the "Model T. " So did farmers. Even criminals. They considered it the fastest and surest form of transportation. Americans loved the "Model T. " They wrote stories and songs about it.

Thousands of "Model T's" were built in the first few years. The public wanted the car. And Henry Ford made more and more.

To Make the "Model T,' Ford built the largest factory of its time. Inside the factory, car parts moved to the workers exactly when they needed them. Other factories moved some parts to the workers.  But Ford was the first to design his factory completely around this system. Production rose sharply.

As production rose, Ford lowered prices. By nineteen sixteen, the price had dropped to three hundred forty-five dollars.

The last step in Ford's production success was to raise his workers' pay. His workers had always earned about two dollars for ten hours of work. That was the same daily rate as at other factories.

With wages the same everywhere, factory workers often changed jobs. Henry Ford wanted loyal workers who would remain. He raised wages to five dollars a day.

That made Henry Ford popular with working men. He became popular with car buyers in nineteen thirteen when he gave back fifty dollars to each person who had bought a Ford car. Henry Ford was demonstrating his idea that if workers received good wages, they became better buyers. And if manufactures sold more products, they could lower prices and still earn money.

This system worked for Ford because people continued to demand his "Model T. " And they had the money to buy it. But what would happen when people no longer wanted the "Model T," or did not have the money?

(MUSIC)

In nineteen nineteen, Henry was involved in a dispute with the other people who owned stock in the Ford Motor Company. In the end, Henry bought the stock of the other investors. He gained complete control of the company.

The investors did not do badly, however. An investment of ten thousand dollars when the company was first established produced a return of twenty-five million dollars.

A few years later, another group of investors offered Ford one thousand million dollars for the company. But he was not interested in selling. He wanted complete control of the company that had his name. In a sense, Henry Ford was the company.

Henry's son, Edsel, was named president of the company before nineteen twenty. No one truly believed that Edsel was running the company. Whatever Edsel said, people believed he was speaking for his father.

In nineteen twenty-three, fifty-seven percent of the cars produced in America were "Model T" fords. About half the cars produced in the world were Fords. Taxicabs in Hong Kong. Most of the cars in South America. Never before -- or since -- has one car company so controlled world car production.

The success of the Ford Motor Company permitted Henry Ford to work on other projects.  He became a newspaper publisher. He bought a railway. He built airplanes. He helped build a hospital. He even ran for the United States Senate.

Some of Henry's projects were almost unbelievable. For example, he tried to end World War One by sailing to Europe with a group of peace supporters.

(MUSIC)

While Henry Ford enjoyed his success, a dangerous situation was developing. Other companies began to sell what only Ford had been selling: good, low-priced cars.  Ford's biggest competitor was the General Motors Company. General Motors produced the Chevrolet automobile.

Ford's "Model T" was still a dependable car. But it had not changed in years. People said the "Model T" engine was too loud. They said it was too slow.

The Chevrolet, however, had a different look every year. And you could pay for one over a long period of time. Ford demanded full payment at the time of sale. Ford's share of the car market began to fall.

Everyone at Ford agreed that the "Model T" must go. Henry Ford disagreed. And it was his decision that mattered. Finally, in nineteen twenty-six, even Henry admitted that the age of the "Model T" was over. A new Ford was needed. A year later, the "Model T" was gone.

Strangely enough, people mourned its end. They did not want to buy it anymore. But they recognized that the "Model T" was the last of the first cars in the brave new world of automobile development.

The success of Ford's new cars did not last long. After nineteen-thirty, Ford would always be second to General Motors.

(MUSIC)

In nineteen twenty-nine, the United States suffered a great economic recession. Many businesses failed. Millions of people lost their jobs. In nineteen thirty-one, the Ford Motor Company sold only half as many cars as it had the year before. It lost thirty-seven million dollars. Working conditions at Ford grew worse.

In nineteen thirty-two, hungry, unemployed men marched near the Ford factory. Police, firefighters and Ford security guards tried to stop them with sticks, high-pressure water and guns. Four of the marchers died, and twenty were wounded.

Newspapers all over the United States condemned the police, firefighters and security guards for attacking unarmed men. And to make a bad situation worse, Ford dismissed all workers who attended funeral services for the dead.

More violence was to come. For several years, automobile workers had been attempting to form a labor union. Union leaders negotiated first with America's two other major automobile makers: the Chrysler Company and General Motors. Those companies quickly agreed to permit a union in their factories. That left Ford alone to fight against the union. And fight he did.

In nineteen thirty-seven, union organizers were passing out pamphlets to workers at the Ford factory. Company security guards struck. They were led by the chief of security, Harry Bennett.

Harry Bennett knew nothing about cars. But he did know what Henry Ford wanted done. And he did it. Bennett's power came from Henry. The only person who might have had the power to stop Bennett was Henry's son, Edsel, who was president of the company. But Edsel himself was fighting Henry and his unwillingness to change.

Bennett's power in the company continued to grow. His violence against the union of automobile workers also grew.

The Ford Motor Company did not agree to negotiate with the union until nineteen forty-one. Henry Ford accepted an agreement. If he had not, his company would have lost millions of dollars in government business.

In nineteen forty-three, Edsel Ford died. With Edsel gone, Henry again became president of the Ford Motor Company. It was difficult to know if Henry or Harry Bennett was running the company. America was at war. And Henry was eighty years old -- too old to deal with the problems of wartime production. And Bennett knew nothing at all about production.

So Henry's grandson, also Henry Ford, was recalled from the Navy to run the company. Young Henry's first act was to dismiss Harry Bennett.

Old Henry Ford retired from business. His thoughts were in the past. He died in his sleep in nineteen forty-seven, at the age of eighty-three.

Henry Ford was not the first man whose name was given to an automobile. But his name -- more than any other -- was linked to that machine. And his dream changed the lives of millions of people.

Some still wonder if Henry Ford was a simple man who seemed difficult  -- or a difficult man who seemed simple. No one, however, questions the fact that he made the automobile industry one of the great industries in the world.

(MUSIC)

You have been listening to the Special English program PEOPLE IN AMERICA. Your narrators were Steve Ember and Frank Oliver. Our program was written by Richard Thorman. I'm Ray Freeman.

Henry Ford, 1863-1947: He Revolutionized the Automobile Industry

PEOPLE IN AMERICA -- a program in Special English on the VOICE of America.

Source: www.manythings.org/voa/people  www.voanews.com

Every week at this time, we tell the story of a person was important in the history of the United States. Today Steve Ember and Frank Oliver begin the story of industrialist Henry Ford.

(MUSIC)

Many people believe Henry Ford invented the automobile. But Henry Ford did not start to build his first car until eighteen ninety-six. That was eleven years after two Germans -- Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz -- developed the first gasoline-powered automobile.

Many people believe Henry Ford invented the factory system that moved a car's parts to the worker, instead of making the worker move to the parts. That is not true, either. Many manufacturers used this system before Ford. 

What Henry Ford did was to use other people's ideas and make them better.

Others made cars. Henry Ford made better cars. And he sold them for less money. Others built car factories. Henry Ford built the biggest factory of its time. And he made the whole factory a moving production line.

Henry Ford had great skills in making machines work. He also had great skills as an organizer. His efforts produced a huge manufacturing company. But those same efforts almost ruined the company he built.

(MUSIC)

Henry Ford was born on a farm in the state of Michigan on July thirtieth, eighteen sixty-three. The farm was near the city of Detroit.

Henry was always interested in machines. He was always experimenting with them. He enjoyed fixing clocks. And he helped repair farm equipment. When Henry was sixteen years old, he left the family farm. He went to Detroit to learn more about machines.

In eighteen seventy-nine, when Henry began work in Detroit, the city was a center of industrial development. Travelers could tell they were near Detroit by the cloud of smoke that hung over the city. Detroit was a center of iron and steel making. Nearby mines of lead and salt brought chemical companies to the city. And Detroit's copper and brass business was the largest in the world.

ONE thing Henry Ford learned in Detroit was to have the right tool to do the job. It was something he would never forget.

After three years in Detroit, Henry returned to his family farm. He remained on the farm until he was thirty years old. But he was not a real farmer. He was a machine man. A nearby farmer, for example, had bought a small steam engine to be used in farming. The machine did not work correctly. Henry agreed to try to fix it. At the end of just one day, Henry knew everything about the machine. And he made it work again.

Henry remembered that time as the happiest in his life. He said: "I was paid three dollars a day, and had eighty-three days of steady work. I have never been better satisfied with myself. "

Another thing that made those days happy was meeting a young woman. Her name was Clara Jane Bryant. Years later Henry said: "I knew in half an hour she was the one for me. " They were married in eighteen eighty-eight, on Clara's twenty-second birthday.

(MUSIC)

Henry and Clara lived on a farm near Detroit. But, still, Henry was not a real farmer. He grew some food in a small garden. And he kept a few animals. But he made money mostly by selling trees from his farm. And he continued to fix farm equipment. It was really machines that he loved.

In eighteen ninety-one, Henry visited Detroit. There he saw a machine called the "silent otto. " It was a device powered by gasoline. It had been developed by a German, Nikolaus August Otto. He was one of the men who had worked with Gottlieb Daimler, who developed the first gasoline-powered automobile.

The silent otto did not move. But Henry saw immediately that if the machine could be put on wheels, it would move by itself.

He returned home to Clara with an idea to build such a machine. He was sure he could do it. But the machine would need electricity to make the engine work. And Henry had not learned enough about electricity. So he took a job with an electric power company in Detroit. Henry, his wife Clara, and his young son Edsel moved to the city.

While Henry worked for the power company, he and a few other men developed a small engine. In June, eighteen ninety-six, Henry had his first automobile. He called it a "quadricycle. " It looked like two bicycles, side by side. It had thin tires like a bicycle. And it had a bicycle seat.

In eighteen ninety-nine, Henry resigned from the power company to work on his automobile. He won the support of a small group of rich men who formed the Detroit automobile company. By the start of nineteen-oh-one, however, the company had failed.

Another man might have decided that the automobile business was not the best business for him. He might have stopped. Henry Ford was just getting started.

(MUSIC)

In the early days of the automobile, almost every car-maker raced his cars. It was the best way of gaining public notice. Henry Ford decided to build a racing car.

Ford's most famous race was his first. It also was the last race in which he drove the car himself.

The race was in nineteen-oh-one, at a field near Detroit. All of the most famous cars had entered. And all withdrew, except two. The Winton. And Ford's. The Winton was famous for its speed. Most people thought the race was over before it began.

The Winton took an early lead. But halfway through the race, it began to lose power. Ford started to gain. And near the end of the race, he took the lead. Ford won the race and defeated the champion. His name appeared in newspapers. His fame began to spread.

Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. He left soon after, however, because he could not agree with the investors. He had no trouble finding new ones.

Henry continued to build racing cars. His most famous cars of the time were the "Arrow" and the "Nine Ninety-Nine. " Both won races. And they helped make the name Henry Ford more famous.

Henry used what he learned from racing to develop a better engine. In nineteen-oh-three, he was ready to start building cars for the public. On July fifteenth, nineteen-oh-three, a man named Doctor Pfenning bought the first car from the Ford Motor Company.

The sale to Doctor Pfenning was the beginning of a huge number of requests for Ford cars. By the end of March, nineteen-oh-four, almost six hundred Ford cars had been sold. The company had earned almost one hundred thousand dollars. Sales were so great that a new factory had to be found.

At the start of nineteen-oh-five, the Ford Motor Company was producing twenty-five cars each day. It employed three hundred men. The company produced several kinds of cars. First there was the "Model A. " Then there were the "Model B," "Model C" and "Model F. " They were just a little different from the "Model A" -- one of Ford's most famous cars.

Ford's "Model K" car was for wealthy buyers. One of the company's investors was sure the future of the automobile industry was in this costly car. Henry Ford did not agree. He was sure the future of the automobile industry was in a low-priced car for the general public. He said then, and many times after, "I want to make a car that anybody can buy. "

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These conflicting beliefs led to a battle for control of the company. In the end, Henry bought the stock of the investors who wanted to make costly cars. He was then free to make the low-cost car he believed in.

The story shows the way Henry's mind worked. When he thought he was correct, he was willing to invest his efforts and his money. Earlier, he had walked away from the business of making cars when he could not control the business. Now he had the money to buy the stock of those who disagreed with him.

In nineteen-oh-seven, Henry Ford said: "I will build a motor car for the great mass of people. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for one person to operate and care for. It will be built of the best materials. It will be built by the best men to be employed. And it will be built with the simplest plans that modern engineering can produce. It will be so low in price that no man making good money will be unable to own one. "

That was what Henry Ford wanted. To reach his goal, his life took many interesting turns. That will be our story next week.

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You have been listening to the Special English program PEOPLE IN AMERICA. Your narrators were Steve Ember and Frank Oliver. Our program was written by Richard Thorman. I'm Ray Freeman.