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dengue has spread(12) sharply(13) since(14) the nineteen seventies. Thedisease(15) is found mostly(16) in cities. The WHO says forty percent of the world’s population is now at risk(17) in more than one hundred countries. Southeast Asia and theWestern(18) Pacific are the most affected.
Dengue is also found in Africa, the Americas and the eastern(19) Mediterranean. There is no vaccine against(20) dengue and no special treatment(21). Scott Ritchie of James Cook University in Queensland, Australia, says control efforts(22) target(23) the mosquitoes that spread dengue.
He says the only way(24) to control it is through(25) the use of pesticides chemicals andperhaps(26) community education. But some mosquitoes are getting resistant(27) to those pesticides. He and other scientists from Australia and the United States are working on a different plan of attack.
They blocked the growth(28) of dengue virus in mosquitoes by infecting them with akind of(29) bacteria called Wolbachia pipientis. Wolbachia is commonly(30) found in fruitflies(31) and is safe(32) for people. The researchers(33) released(34) mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia into an indoor(35) test area filled with(36) uninfected(37)mosquitoes.
The infected ones mated with(38) the uninfected ones and successfully(39) spread the bacteria. The researchers then tried(40) their experiment outdoors(41). Over(42) a two-month period they released more than three hundred thousand infected mosquitoes in two Australian towns.
Scott O’Neill at Monash University in Melbourne says the mosquitoes quickly(43) infectedwild(44) populations just as(45) they had in the indoor test. Once(46) the release has stopped, the Wolbachia continued to increase(47) until(48) the experiments ended.Next(49), the plan is to do tests over the next two to three years in an area where many people are infected with dengue.
The researchers described(50) their work in two papers published in the journal Nature.Mosquitoes also(51) spread malaria. The kind of mosquito that injects the malaria parasite into the people it bites(52) is most active around sunset(53) and sunrise. So bed nets(54) can help protect people while(55) they sleep. But the mosquito that spreads dengue, Aedes aegypti, is most active during the day.For VOA Special English, I’m , I’m Alex Villarreal.
Vocabulary
- fever = febre
- feels like = parece com
- severe = grave
- flu = gripe
- pain = dor
- muscles = musculos
- joints = juntas
- there may be = pode haver
- = mortes
- Rare = raro
- fewer than = menos do que
- has spread = tem se espalhado
- sharply = abruptamente
- since = desde
- disease = doença
- found mostly = encontrada principalmente
- at risk = sob risco
- Western = ocidental
- Eastern = oriental
- Against = contra
- Treatment = tratamento
- Efforts = esforços
- Target = alvejar, visar
- the only way = a unica forma
- through = através
- perhaps = talvez
- getting resistant = ficando resistente
- blocked the growth = bloquearam o crescimento
- kind of = tipo de
- commonly = comumente
- flies = moscas
- safe = seguro
- researchers = pesquisadores
- released = soltaram
- indoor = local fechado
- filled with = cheio de
- uninfected = não infectados
- mated with = acasalaram-se
- successfully = com sucesso
- tried = tentaram
- outdoors = ambiente externo
- Over = ao longo de
- Quickly = rapidamente
- Wild = selvagem
- just as = assim como
- Once = uma vez
- Increase = aumentar
- Until = até
- Next = em seguida
- Described = descreveu
- Also = também
- Bites = morde
- Sunset = por do sol
- bed nets = mosquiteiros
- while = enquanto
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