terça-feira, 4 de janeiro de 2011

Words and Their Stories: State Nicknames, Part 1


Source: www.voanews.com
Now, the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.

A nickname is a shortened form of a person's name. A nickname can also be a descriptive name for a person, place or thing.


America's fifty states have some of the most historically interesting nicknames.



Alabama is known as the Heart of Dixie because it is in the very middle of a group of states in the Deep South. Dixie itself is a nickname for the American South. It started when Louisiana printed notes with the French word for "ten" on them. "Deece," or D-I-X, led to "Dixie."



Way up north, Alaska is called the Last Frontier for understandable reasons. Near the Arctic Circle, it was the final part of the nation to be explored and settled.



Arizona is the Grand Canyon State because of the famous winding canyon carved by the Colorado River. The southern state of Arkansas is the Land of Opportunity. The state legislature chose this nickname. Arkansas is rich in natural resources and has become a favorite place for older people to retire.



In a popular Spanish book, a fictional island called "California" was filled with gold. Sure enough, plenty of it was discovered in the real California, in eighteen forty-eight. This started a gold rush unlike any other in American history in the Golden State.



You would think Colorado would be known as the Rocky Mountain State. But its nickname is the Centennial State. That is because it became a state in eighteen seventy-six, exactly one hundred years after the nation declared its independence.



Connecticut is called the Nutmeg State after a spice. Connecticut Yankees, as people in this northeast state are called, are known to be smart in business. So smart that it was said they could sell wooden, meaning false, nutmegs to strangers.



Little Delaware is called the First State because it was the first state -- the first to approve the new United States Constitution.

The southern state of Florida likes to tell about its sunny days and fine beaches. So Florida is the Sunshine State. Florida's neighbor to the north grows some of the sweetest fruit in America. So Georgia is the Peach State.


Hawaii, far out in the Pacific Ocean, is the Aloha State. That is the friendly greeting that means both "hello" and "goodbye" in the native Hawaiian language. So, aloha for now. Next week we will tell you about the nicknames of more American states.



(MUSIC)



This VOA Special English program was written by Ted Landphair. I'm Barbara Klein. You can find more WORDS AND THEIR STORIES at voaspecialenglish.com.


The spectacular life in Pantanal

For more info visit www.maganews.com.br
Ecological  Paradise
The spectacular life in Pantanal
Stunning [1}  landscapes [2] and lots of species of birds [3], fish andmammals [4].  These are some of the attractions of Pantanal, one of the world’s most beautiful regions



The dream of any tourist going to Pantanal is to see a jaguar [5] and, if possible, take a photograph - but this is a very rare event. Jaguars live in hiding [6] in the forests [7]. However, many other animals can be seen up close [8], such as alligators [9], tapirs (antas), capivaras and otters (ariranhas).  Bird spotting is also easy for tourists. Birds such as the macaw (arara), toucan and stalks (tuiuiú), which is the symbol of Pantanal. The beauty of this region is also evident in the rivers, lakes, lagoons, and the great variety of plants, trees and other forms of vegetation. Tourists can see the beauty of the region in a traditional boat [10] from the area, called a “chalana”. Pantanal also has fantastic places to go fishing
and horse riding [11]. 



Where this ecological paradise is
     
This lush [12] region covers over 200,000 square kilometers [13], with twelve cities, and is between the States of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. Up until the 1980s, Pantanal was not a very popular tourist destination for Brazilians. The main economic activity in the region is based on fishing and cattle farming [14]. As of the [15] 1990s, Pantanal became more popular with tourists from all over the world.   

Interesting facts about Pantanal

Birds and Fish – There are more species of bird in Pantanal (656) than in North America (about 500), and more species of freshwater fish (263) than in Europe (about 200). The best known fish are “dourado”, “pintado” and “pacu”.

Wet and Dry – Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter – the four seasons. But for those who live in Pantanal there are just two seasons, “Wet” [16] and “Dry” [17].  The rainy season is from November to April, when the rain is more intense and constant. The dry period is from May to October, when it rarely rains.

Climate – The summer is hot and humid. Temperatures get very high – easily over 40ºC. But the cold and dry weather comes in the winter, when there is a possibility of frost [18] and temperatures plunge to 0ºC.

World Heritage Site – The variety of plant and animal life is so great that Pantanal has been declared a World Heritage Site by the United National Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and is a permanent natural reserve, protected by several laws.

Matéria publicada na edição de número 46 da Revista Maganews.

Vocabulary

1 stunning – impressionante / maravilhoso
2 landscape – paisagem
3 bird – pássaro
4 mammal - mamífero
5 jaguar – onça
6 to live in hiding – viver escondido
7 forest – floresta / mata
8 to be seen up close – ser visto de perto
9 alligator – jacaré
10 boat – barco
11 horse riding - cavalgada
12 lush – deslumbrante
13 square kilometers  - quilômetros quadrados
14 cattle farming – pecuária
15 as of the – a partir de
16 wet – aqui = chuvoso / cheias
17 dry – seca
18 frost – geada

Family Album XXIII



Source: Family Album

segunda-feira, 3 de janeiro de 2011

Joke: The last laugh


Source: Speak Up
Language level: Advanced
Standard: British accent



THE LAST LAUGH

At the Post Office...

In the Post Office, there is a man whose job it is to process all the mail that has illegible addresses. Just before Christmas he saw a letter, addressed in shaky handwriting, to God. He decided to read it:

Dear God,

I am an 83-year-old widow, living on a very small pension. Yesterday someone stole my purse, with £ 100 in it, which was all the money I had until my next pension cheque. Next Monday is Christmas, and I have invited two friends over for dinner. Without that money, I have nothing to buy food with.

I have no family to turn to, and you are my only hope. Can you please help me?
Sincerely, Edna Jones.

The man was touched, and showed the letter to his fellow workers. Each one of them came up with a few pounds, and, by the time he had gone round them all, he had collected £ 96, which he put in an envelope and sent to the woman. All of the workers felt a warm glow for the kind thing they had done.

In the New Year, another letter came from the old lady, to God. All of the workers while the letter was opened. It read:

Dear God,

How can I ever thank you enough for what you did for me? Because of your gift of love, I was able to fix (here means prepare) a glorious dinner for my friends. We had a very nice day and I told my friends of your wonderful gift. By the way, there were £ missing. I think it must have been those thieving bastards at the Post Office.

The Elysian Fields



Source: Speak Up
Language level: Advanced
Standard: American
Author: Johnathan Edward Amacker


The Elysian Fields

      Luck is with the Young reporter. Though traffic crawls in both directions, right away he finds a parking spot on Rio Branco, in the Campos Elíseos neighborhood. Just across the avenue some police and a small crowd are milling before an old apartment building. Nearby, two squad cars and a City Morgue van have stopped, while about twenty meters farther, by the corner of Duque de Caxias, a Polícia Militar first sergeant leans against a squad car, surveying all.
      The young reporter gets out of his Fait and locks it. Motorcycles snake through the crush of vehicles and buses roar along their center lanes. The sunlight and din resonate off auto-parts stores and cheap hotels. He wipes the sweat from his brow and curses whoever it was for picking rush hour, of all times, on a day like today. The pollution turns his stomach, burns his eyes and lips. Heat, the concrete filth of the city, exhaustion.
      He picks his way through the traffic, pausing at the median strip with its bus stop and trees. A commotion by the building’s entrance and the crowd fans out. Two wiry young cops sporting latex gloves emerge from the darkness, cradling the small, bloodstainded corpse of a boy – little more than a monkey face lolling from a scarecrow body, half the back of his skull blown away. They load him into the gray City morgue van and head back, making room for other cops to lug out a fat, dark-skinned, middle-aged victim clad only faded blue athletic shorts. Seen through the crowd, the guy’s butt barely clears the sidewalk and is enormous, blood-streaked belly quakes at each step. Hell of a job for the cops in this heat. They inch him into the rear of the gray van and shut the doors.
      Soon one, two, three young corpses are lying nearby, on the sidewalk.
      Through the air washes sadness burned out and second hand. Rubbernecks lean from windows in tall building up and down the avenue and the crowd presses close to the bodies – the dark Brazil seeing its own off.
      The young reporter crosses to the other side as the guys from the City Morgue carry out the body of an apparently adolescent boy. They put him on the sidewalk next to another boy and a girl lying side by side like trash to be collected. Crack addicts from the looks of them: Two dark, shriveled boys and the girl skeletal light haired, almost blond. Their ages? From the bodies, maybe fourteen or so, from the faces, upwards of thirty – born old to die young.
      Flies poke around the corpses; the young reporter catches a whiff of raw meat beginning to turn. Staring at the entrance to the building, at the glass-and-wrought-iron doors blocked open and the trail of blood leading to the absorbent darkness, he knows what to expect: an explosion of red and bodies splayed out as if they had no bones at all.
      The heat presses down like a great fleshy hand. Clutching pen and notepad, the young reporter accosts the sergeant he’d marked on his arrival. The old cop’s eyes are cold and yellow. He basks in the flashing blue-and-red lights of the squad car, seeming to push back the mass of air surrounding him. “Estadão, huh? Big time. What can I do for you?”
      “Just tell me what happened.” “In this neighborhood? Drug massacre. What else could it be? “How many victims?” “Eleven, far as I know.”
      “Uh huh, and it took place when?” “Couple of hours ago, more or less.”
      “The guys from the morgue got here fast. Someone important die?”
      But the sergeant isn’t listening. A young cop from Polícia Militar is carrying out the body of a little girl who couldn’t have been more than three years old. Dark red blotches soak her dress and mat her hair, and her mouth is twisted as if she’d eaten something strange taste, try as she might, she could not identify. The young cop seems unsure of how to hold her. He sets her down at the end of the row of corpses and lingers as the hum of internal combustion engines leaches into the reddening sky.
      The old man removes his gray service cap and runs his hand through his military brush cut. The soft breeze picking up brings no relief from the heat.
      “Most of the ones that got it were users and dealers,” he says. “A crack den, know what I mean? My guess is a fight over territory or an unpaid bill. Two kids showed up on a motorcycle around six o’clock. No one got a good look ‘cause they pulled their fee shirts over their heads.”
      “How old were they? “Hard to say. Late teens, early twenties – moreno claro. Super saw ‘em but got out of the way quick ‘cause he could guess what was coming.” “This shithole has a super?” “Sure, why not?” “Good, I’ll talk to him later so what happened?”
      “What happened is the two guys walk to this ground floor apartment in the rear like they were paying a fucking social visit. Like I said. It’s a crack den and it’s filled –y’know, party time. And the assholes inside open the door, or maybe they forgot to lock it, and – pow! –the two gunmen just start blasting. We found twenty-six. 380 cartridge cases in the apartment and in the hall.”
      “You think the people involved all knew each other?
      “Could be. There’s no evidence the door was forced.”
      “And what was the final score?”
      “Eight in the apartments. Mostly kids. Three from other apartments. No survivors. Some of the victims had an entry wound at the base of the skull and a missing forehead – misericórdia, unjacketed bullets. We’ll give you a list of the names and ages. The crack heads were all holding on to each other – real lovey-dokey.”
      “They didn’t return fire?”           looks like one of ‘em tried to. Got off a couple of rounds, anyway, but I don’t think he had much of a chance. We found two cartridge cases and two 32 caliber bullet holes in the ceiling above the door, so God only knows what he was aiming at. If we find a gun, we’ll see if the prints on it match those of any of the corpses.”
      “You think you’ll find a gun?” “The 32, maybe – unless someone in the building already stole it or the killers took it with them. But we’ll took for it. The point is, whoever wasted those creeps did us all a favor
      “Can I quaote you on that?” “Be my guest.”
      “Sergeant, I saw the cops from the morgue put a middle-aged fat guy into the van, who was he?”
      “Super’s brother. Everyone says he was a decent sort, but a real fuck-up, if you ask me. Hears sreaming and gunfire and pops out to have a look. Man, some people got a dry hole where their brain ought to be.”
      “What can you tell me about the little girl?”
      A shout from the entrance to the building. Two cops charge through the crowd and rush inside, barreling out in a flash with a couple of street kids. “Lemme go, you old son of a bitch, lemme go! Onolookers scurry as the cops send the boys flying – one tumbling, skinning his hands and knees on the sidewalk. He scrambles to join his friends at the end of the block. Shrieking, they tear across the avenue, narrowly missing an oncoming bus, and take off in the direction of Paissandu Square.
      “See that?” Demands the sergeant. “Most of those kids are nuts.”
      “O.K., but what about the little girl? Anything you can give me, I’d appreciate it.”
      The old man’s eyes take in the shimmering, bloodied landscape. He fishes in his shirt pocket and comes up with a pack of Ministers. The young reporter declines, so the cop extracts one for himself and, with some difficult, lights it with a match, puffing out a big cloud of smoke. “She was coming downstairs to play. Got caught in the crossfire. Bullet entered her back and punctured her heart. Blew a big hole…”
      The young reporter scratches his pen across the paper.
      “Anything else? Her name? How old she was?”
      “No, that’s about it.” The sergeant takes another shaky drag on his cigarette. Loses interest, and flicks it to the sidewalk. “Fucking pollution,” he says, wiping his eyes. Can’t even see.”
      For a moment, only the soft swirl of the hot wind and the white noise of idling motors. The sergeant pulls out a handkerchief. “Give me a minute, will you?
      Take your time.”
      He’s not the policeman you’d want interrogating you. No trick to imagine the games he’s been involved with, especially in the old days, in some precinct station’s truth room. Now he stands broken down on this crummy street in Campos Elíseos.
      What am I doing here? The young reporter asks himself. For three years mixing with the sewage of São Paulo – how time flies when you’re wasting it. He imagines that he’s falling through the circles of the metropolis, little arms opening to him as he plummets. Before him the broad avenue stretches past the old apartment building past the dusty public square sprawled beneath the equestrian statue of the Duke of Caxias, then curves over the Rudge Viaduct to meet the northwest horizon glowing beyond the distant roofs of the factories near the mountains. And suddenly, for no reason at all, he’s thinking of his sister in New York, the one who got luck and won’t be coming back. And he wonders vaguely whether she feels about the heat, whether it makes her sad sometimes, makes her feel empty and tired, makes her want to run away from the earth and from memory. New York…it’s like a dream. But where would she go to escape the cold?
      “Sergeant?”
      What do you want?
      Who was she?
      Patches like sweat like shadows spread across the old cop’s gray uniform shirt. His face ha collapsed. Taking on the color of smoke. His gaze wanders to rest on the tiny corpse, and his voice comes out thin, from the other side of the world: “A kid from the neighborhood. Who else could she be?”
      “She was a pretty little thing, “says the young reporter. “Someone must’ve been taking good care of her. Didn’t she have a mother?”
      “Why? Do you want to meet her?” “Yes – for the record.”        
      The sergeant’s breath reeks of cigarettes and garlic. He looks as if a gun, pressed against his gray temple, were about to leave a warm, red hole.
      “The guys from the morgue can show you the body. Talk to that corporal lover by the van. Nivaldo. He’ll fill you in on any details I may have missed. Go on. Tell him I sent you.”
      He fumbles for another cigarette, but ends by crumpling and throwing away the pack. And that’s it.
      Neither man – not the weary young report, not the ruined monument of a sergeant – has more to add, no truth to tell, no confession to make. Besides, maybe what happened really was just the usual crap among a bunch of scumbags who are better off dead, and the girl got in the way is all. It’s impossible, but not much of an epitaph. She got in the way. In event, she’s out of this way now.

I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For (U2)




Author: Teacher Aracelli from Spain
Source: http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3587



1. Fill in the gaps with the Present Perfect of the verbs in brackets.
 (climb) highest mountains
 (run) through the fields
Only to be with you
Only to be with you
 (run)
 (crawl)
 (scale) these city walls
These city walls
Only to be with you
2. Put the words in the correct order:
haven't found      But  I        what      I'm looking for      still
3. Finish the lines by choosing one of the words given:
I have kissed honey 
Felt the healing in her 
It burnt like
This burning 
4. Fill in the gaps with the Present Perfect of the verbs in brackets.
 (speak) with the tongue of angels
 (hold) the hand of a devil
It was warm in the night
It was cold as a stone

5. Put the words in the correct order:
haven't found      But  I        what      I'm looking for      still
6. Put the missing verbs in the past simple form:
I believe in the kindom come
then all the colours will bleed into one
bleed into one
Well yes, I'm still running
You  (break) the bonds
and you  (loose) the chains
 (carry) the cross
of my shame
You know I   (believe) it

Apollo 11, part II


Source: http://www.ingvip.com

1. The lunar lander, controlled by a computer, dropped toward the airless surface of the moon. One hundred forty meters from the surface, the astronauts took control of the lander from the computer.

2. They moved Eagle forwardaway from a very rocky area that might have caused a difficult landing. The voices of Aldrin and Armstrong could be heard in short messages.

3. EDWIN ALDRIN: "Forward. Forward. Good. Forty feet. Down two and a half. Kicking up some dust. Thirty feet. Two and a half down. Faint shadow. Four forward. Four forward. Drifting to the right a little. OK. Down a half.

MISSION CONTROL: "Thirty seconds …" 
NEIL ARMSTRONG: "Forward drift?"
EDWIN ALDRIN: "Contact light. OK. Engine stop. "
Armstrong reported
NEIL ARMSTRONG: "Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed." 


4. NASA's plan had called for the astronauts to test instruments, eat and then rest for four hours before leaving the Eagle. But Armstrong and Aldrin asked to cancel the four-hour sleep period. They wanted to go out onto the moon as soon as they could get ready. NASA controllers agreed

5. It took the astronauts more than three hours to complete the preparations for leaving the lander. It was difficult -- in Eagle's small space -- to get into space suits that would protect them on the moon's surface.

6. Finally, Armstrong and Aldrin were ready. They opened the door. Armstrong went out first and moved slowly down the ladder. At two hours fifty-six Greenwich Mean Time on July twentieth, nineteen sixty-nine, Neil Armstrong put his foot on the moon.
NEIL ARMSTRONG: "That's one small step for man; one giant leap for mankind."

7. The world could see the history-making event on television. But the man who was closest to what was happening, Michael Collins, could only listen. He was orbiting the moon in the command module Columbia. It did not have a television receiver.

8. Armstrong moved carefully away from the Eagle. He left the cold, black shadow of the lander and stepped into the blinding white light of the sun. On Earth, all was quiet. No sound came from televisions or radios. No one felt able to talk about what was happening. 

9. Armstrong began to describe what he saw: "The surface appears to be very, very fine grain, like a powder. I can kick it loosely with my toes. I can see footprints of my boots in the small, fine particles. Notrouble to walk around."

10. Aldrin appeared on the ladder. Down he came, very slowly. Soon, both men were busy placing experiments to be left behind on the moon. They collected more than thirty kilograms of rock and soil totake back to Earth. They moved easily and quickly, because the moon's gravity is six times less than Earth's.

11. Hours passed. Too soon, it was time to return to the Eagle. Armstrong and Aldrin re-entered the lander. They rested for a while. Then they began to prepare to launch the lander for the return flight to the orbiting command module.

12. Listeners on Earth heard the countdown from Tranquility Base: "Three, two, one ... first stage engine on ascent. Proceed. Beautiful. Twenty-six ... thirty-six feet per second up. Very smooth, very quiet ride." Eagle was flying. Man had been on the moon for twenty-one and one-half hours.

13. Eagle moved into the orbit of the command module. It connected with Columbia. Armstrong and Aldrin rejoined Collins in the command ship. They separated from Eagle and said good-bye to it. The lander had done its job well.

14. Eight days after it started its voyage to the moon, Apollo Eleven splashed down in the Pacific Ocean. Left behind on the moon were the footprints of Armstrong and Aldrin, an American flag and scientific equipment. Also left forever on the moon is a sign with these words:

15. "Here men from the planet Earth first set foot on the Moon -- July, nineteen sixty-nine A. D. We came in peace for all mankind. "

16. Our program was written by Marilyn Rice Christiano. It was produced by Mario Ritter. I'm Shirley Griffith.
And I'm Steve Ember. Join us again next week for EXPLORATIONS in VOA Special English. We continue the story of the Apollo space flight program. You can find earlier reports about the American space program at our Web site, voaspecialenglish.com.

Vocabulary

  1. agreed = concordou
  2. airless surface = superfície sem ar
  3. ascent = ascensão
  4. away from = para longe de
  5. before leaving = antes de deixar
  6. began = começaram
  7. blinding = ofuscante
  8. closest = mais perto
  9. describe = descrever
  10. Drifting = derivando, movimentando
  11. dropped = despencou, caiu
  12. easily = facilmente
  13. Engine = motor
  14. Faint = fraco(a)
  15. felt = sentia-se
  16. flag = bandeira
  17. footprints = pegadas
  18. for a while = por algum tempo
  19. forward = para a frente
  20. get ready = estar pronto
  21. grain = grão
  22. has landed = aterrissou
  23. heard = ouvidas
  24. job = trabalho
  25. Kicking up some dust = levantando um pouco de pó
  26. ladder = escada
  27. lander = que aterrissa
  28. leap = salto
  29. left behind = deixados para trás
  30. Listeners = ouvintes
  1. loosely = livremente
  2. mankind = humanidade
  3. Mean Time = tempo médio
  4. might have caused = poderia ter causado
  5. moved carefully away = afastou-se cuidadosamente
  6. placing = colocando
  7. powder = pó
  8. quickly = rapidamente
  9. receiver = receptor
  10. rejoined = reencontraram
  11. reported = relatou
  12. rest = descansar
  13. ride = trajeto, passeio
  14. saw = viu
  15. set foot = colocou o pé
  16. shadow = sombra
  17. ship = nave
  18. slowly = lentamente
  19. smooth = suave
  20. soil = solo
  21. Soon = logo, em breve
  22. space suits = trajes espaciais
  23. splashed down = caiu na água
  24. take back = levar de volta
  25. toes = dedos do pé
  26. took control = assumiram o controle
  27. toward = em direção a
  28. trouble = problema, dificuldade
  29. went out = saiu