Pod English, Lesson 80, Book

Source: Sozo Exchange
You don't realise how much important is to me when you come visit me and telling for friend about English tips. So, as I told before, you are the most important here, without you my blog doesn't make sense. Here there is no space for racism, and any kind of violence, no sex content, etc. But there is a space for Teachers, Students, and exchange experience around the world. Have a wonderful night friends keep sharing and Tweet me. 

Idiom Play it by year

Source: Sozo Exchange

This is a phrase which means to handle a situation without preparation.

This expression originated from musicians playing music without printed material.

The phrase also means to do something impromptu.

For example, you can say, “I’m not sure how the event will go; we’ll likely play it by ear.”

England, Bletchley Park

Bletchley Park

 

Language Level, Basic

Standard: British Accent

Source: Speak up, Edition253, pags10/11

Bletchley Park in Buckinghamshire looks like a typical English country house with four acres of beautiful gardens and its own lake, but then you notice several wooden huts and concrete constructions built around the house. What happened in these building...in this strange place?

THE CODEBREAKERS

During the Second World War this was the legendary "Station X" where code breakers and spies worked to defeat  Hitler's And the Enigma Machine. All this has been Chronicled in the Film Enigma (2001), starring with Kate Winslet. Bletchley Park was also the birthplace of the modern world. It was here that Alan Turing and Tommy Flowers built Colossus, the world's first "programmable, digital, electronic computing device," or computer.

A GREAT DAY OUT

There's plenty to do at Bletchley Park: you can begin with a tour of the "Station X" exhibits, then you can see the Colossus and Enigma machines and learn about their note is code breaking and military espionage during the Second World War. The work here wasn't all high technology: the "Pigeons at War" display explains the role homing pigeons played during the war.

Visit the garage to see some 1930's cars, then on to the antique toy collections, and don't miss the Churchill memorabilia exhibition. Bletchley Park offers an interesting and fun day out, but it could also change someone's life. Legend has it that Alan Turing, the mathematical genius, buried several silver bars somewhere near Bletchley and forgot the location, Turing never found his treasure can you?

No audio available

This was an electrical device which used rotating wheels to produce random code. The Germans believed The Enigma code was impossible to decipher, but British and Polish codebreakers at Bletchley Park succeded with the help Colossus and it predecessor, "The Bombe." Britain Agents then listened to German orders transmitted all over the world. This saved many lives: for example, they discovered the position and plans of U-boats operating in the Atlantic. Most important of all, in 1944 they confirmed that the Germans believed the false plans that the Allies leaked before D-Day, the Allies invasion and liberation of Europe.

Station X

In 1940 prime minister Winston Churchill moved this government's Code & Cipher School away form London's constant bombardment to Bletchley Park. There were 12.000 people working at the centre of the war many of them recruteited from Cambridge University. There were chss masters mathematicians academics experts - people like Alan Flaming, the creator of James Bond, secrecy was essential in fact no-one knew about the centre until the 1970's when documents describing wartime events at Bletchley became available.

Hepatitis - Part II

Credits for Teacher Fuvio, classes online visit http:www.ingvip.com  

   audio      

1-Last month, the journal Lancet reported that a combination of two experimental drugs could clear the infection in eight to twelve weeks. However, researchers are still studying the effects of the treatment.

2. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says about three million Americans are infected with hepatitis C. The rates are highest among people born between nineteen forty-five and nineteen sixty-five. Those especially at risk include persons who inject themselves with drugs and those who received blood or blood products before nineteen ninety.

3. Hepatitis D is spread through blood, but only infects people who already have hepatitis B. The hepatitis D virus greatly increases the chance of severe liver damage. Experts say the virus infects about fifteen million people around the world. They say it also appears in five percent of persons infected with hepatitis B.

4. Doctors say the best way to prevent hepatitis D is to get vaccine that protects against hepatitis B. Doctors can treat some cases of hepatitis B, C and D. The drugs used are costly, however. But they are less costly than getting a new liver.

5. The fifth virus is hepatitis E. Experts say it spreads the same way as hepatitis A -- through infectious waste. Cases often result from polluted drinking water. Medical science recognized hepatitis E as a separate disease in nineteen eighty. Hepatitis E is also found in animal waste. Studies have shown that the virus can infect many kinds of animals.

6. The WHO says many hepatitis E cases have been reported in Central and Southeast Asia, North and West Africa and Mexico. No vaccines or medicines are effective against hepatitis E. Most peoplerecover, usually in several weeks or months. But the disease can cause liver damage. In some cases, hepatitis E can be deadly.

7. The virus is especially dangerous to pregnant women. Twenty percent of those living with hepatitis E die in the last three months of pregnancy.

8. Scientists discovered yet another kind of hepatitis in the nineteen nineties. It has been named hepatitis G. The hepatitis G virus is totally different from any of the other hepatitis viruses. Donald Poretz is an infectious disease specialist in Washington, DC. He says the hepatitis G virus is spread through blood and blood products. But he says the virus has not been found to cause any real disease.

9. The World Hepatitis Alliance works to increase knowledge about the dangers of hepatitis. The group says people should know that the disease kills about one million five hundred thousand people each year. It also says one in twelve people worldwide is living with hepatitis B or hepatitis C. And, it says, most of those infected do not even know it.

10. Hepatitis cannot be cured. The only way to protect against infection is to receive vaccines against hepatitis A and B, and to avoid contact with the other viruses. And that may be difficult.

11. Remember that some kinds of hepatitis spread through sex or sharing needles. Blood products should be carefully tested for hepatitis. People in high-risk groups and those who have had hepatitis should not give blood. They also should not agree to leave their organs to others after they die. Donated organs can also spread hepatitis.

12. Experts say people can take other steps to protect themselves. These include always washing your hands with soap and water after using the restroom and before preparing or eating food. Experts saytravelers should not drink water of unknown quality when visiting foreign or unknown areas. They also should avoid eating uncooked fruits and vegetables.

STEVE EMBER: This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS was written by Brianna Blake. George Grow was our producer. I’m Steve Ember. BARBARA KLEIN: And I’m Barbara Klein. Listen again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.